Instrumentos de valoración psicológica en la Evaluación Geriátrica Integral (EGI): una revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v5i1.246Palabras clave:
Adultos mayores, ansiedad, cognición, depresión, evaluación geriátrica integral, instrumentos psicológicosResumen
El envejecimiento poblacional ha incrementado la prevalencia de alteraciones psicológicas en personas mayores, lo que ha reforzado la necesidad de integrar evaluaciones psicológicas sistemáticas dentro de la Evaluación Geriátrica Integral (EGI). El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre los instrumentos de valoración psicológica utilizados en la EGI. La revisión se desarrolló siguiendo el marco PICO y las directrices PRISMA 2020. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science, incluyendo estudios originales publicados entre 2020 y enero de 2026 que evaluaran de forma explícita instrumentos psicológicos integrados en la EGI. Tras el proceso de selección, se incluyeron 20 estudios para el análisis cualitativo. Los resultados evidencian un uso predominante de instrumentos dirigidos a la evaluación del estado de ánimo y de la cognición global, destacándose la Geriatric Depression Scale y el Mini-Mental State Examination como las herramientas más utilizadas y con mayor respaldo clínico. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios no reporta de forma explícita propiedades psicométricas específicas en las poblaciones estudiadas, asumiendo su validez a partir de validaciones en estudios previos. En términos de utilidad clínica, los instrumentos breves y de fácil aplicación demostraron una mayor viabilidad en entornos asistenciales reales, aportando información relevante para el pronóstico y la toma de decisiones clínicas. En conclusión, la integración de instrumentos psicológicos eficientes y bien fundamentados resulta esencial para fortalecer y optimizar la EGI, aunque se requiere mayor evidencia psicométrica contextualizada para fortalecer su aplicación clínica.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Luis Felipe Santander Samaniego, Carla Cristina Calderón Cabezas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
