Desafío de las telecomunicaciones en la educación virtual durante la pandemia de COVID-19: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v4i1.112Palabras clave:
Accesibilidad, educación virtual, pandemia COVID-19, telecomunicaciones, transformación educativaResumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 aceleró la adopción de la educación virtual en todos los niveles educativos y generó una transformación sin precedentes en los sistemas de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Sin embargo, esta transición también evidenció desafíos significativos, particularmente en el ámbito de las telecomunicaciones, que afectaron la calidad y accesibilidad de la educación virtual. Este estudio analiza los desafíos de las telecomunicaciones en la educación virtual durante la pandemia y propone medidas para mejorar su calidad y accesibilidad. Se abordaron tres preguntas de investigación relacionadas con el impacto en diferentes niveles educativos, los desafíos identificados y las recomendaciones para futuras intervenciones. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, que incluyó 28 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los datos se analizaron para identificar patrones y tendencias en los desafíos y recomendaciones reportados. Los resultados indicaron que la educación universitaria y profesional fueron los niveles que más rápido adoptaron la modalidad de virtualización. Los desafíos principales incluyeron problemas de conectividad, falta de infraestructura y habilidades digitales, además de preocupaciones sobre seguridad. Las medidas propuestas incluyeron inversión en infraestructura, capacitación en habilidades digitales, desarrollo de plataformas seguras y adopción de tecnologías innovadoras. En este contexto, este estudio resalta la necesidad de abordar las desigualdades digitales y de fortalecer las telecomunicaciones para la garantía de una educación virtual inclusiva y de calidad
Descargas
Citas
Adánez-Martínez, M. G., Jiménez-Ruiz, I., Carrillo-García, C., Díaz-Agea, J. L., Ramos-Morcillo, A. J., Molina-Rodríguez, A., Ruzafa-Martínez, M., & Leal-Costa, C. (2022). Telephone-Based Structured Communication Simulation Program for the Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases and Contacts in Primary Care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073915
Aini, Q., Budiarto, M., Putra, P. O. H., & Rahardja, U. (2020). Exploring E-learning Challenges During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Jurnal Sistem Informasi, 16, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.21609/jsi.v16i2.1011
Aldulaimi, S. H., Abdeldayem, M. M., Jumaa, H. T., Mohamed, H. M., & Abdulrazaq, M. L. (22 al 23 de junio de 2022). Critical Challenges of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) and Learning Theories. 2022 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS). Manama, Bahrain. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICETSIS55481.2022.9888945
Al-Zubi, K. N. (2022). Digital Transformation of the Educational Process during the Covid-19 Pandemic. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 19, 1788-1796. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.160
Ampo, S. A. M., Cena-Navarro, R., Lota, M. M., Mistica, M., Paller, V. G., Guzman, L. M. de, Lumangaya, C., & Belizario, J. (2023). Building capacity on One Health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: Connecting disciplines in the Philippines. International Journal of One Health, 9(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2023.21-26
Ashley, J., Abra, G., Schiller, B., Bennett, P. N., Mehr, A. P., Bargman, J. M., & Chan, C. T. (2021). The use of virtual physician mentoring to enhance home dialysis knowledge and uptake. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 26(7), 569-577. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13867
Bebortta, S., & Das, S. K. (6 al 7 de diciembre de 2020). Assessing the Impact of Network Performance on Popular E-Learning Applications. 2020 Sixth International Conference on e-Learning (econf). Sakheer, Bahrain. https://doi.org/10.1109/econf51404.2020.9385497
Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., Lambert, S. R., Al-Freih, M., Pete, J., Olcott Jr., D., Rodes, V., Aranciaga, I., Bali, M., Alvarez Jr., A. V., Roberts, J., Pazurek, A., Raffaghelli, J. E., Panagiotou, N., de Coëtlogon, P., & Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1). https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10101679/
Brakohiapa, E. K., & Ohene-Botwe, B. (2024). The upside of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of radiology in resource-poor settings. Chinese Journal of Academic Radiology, 7(3), 277-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42058-024-00166-9
Chung, E., Subramaniam, G., & Dass, L. C. (2020). Online Learning Readiness among University Students in Malaysia amidst COVID-19. Asian Journal of University Education, 16(2), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i2.10294
Comisión Internacional sobre los Futuros de la Educación. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. UNESCO. https://n9.cl/amyso6
Crisol-Moya, E., Herrera-Nieves, L., & Montes-Soldado, R. (2020). Educación virtual para todos: Una revisión sistemática. Education in the Knowledge Society (EKS), 21, 13-13. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.23448
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
Dong, C., Lee, D. W. C., & Aw, D. C. W. (2021). Tips for medical educators on how to conduct effective online teaching in times of social distancing. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 30(1), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/2010105820943907
Erazo, D. A. (2024). Análisis de la agenda de transformación digital del Ecuador: Estudio y análisis de los aspectos técnicos y regulatorios de la agenda de transformación digital del Ecuador propuesta por el ministerio de telecomunicaciones y de la sociedad de la información – MINTEL [Tesis de grado, Escuela Politécnica Nacional]. Repositorio institucional: http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/handle/15000/26193
Feenstra, T. M., van Felius, L. P., Vriens, M. R., Stassen, L. P. S., van Acker, G. J. D., van Dijkum, E. J. M. N., Schijven, M. P., & Bonjer, H. J. (2022). Does livestreaming surgical education have the future? Development and participant evaluation of a national COVID-19 livestreaming initiative. Surgical Endoscopy, 36(8), 6214-6222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-021-08922-z
Fujiyanti, V., Fuada, S., & Sari, N. T. A. (2023). The Role of Telecommunication Technology During COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. En X.-S. Yang, S. Sherratt, N. Dey, & A. Joshi (Eds.), Proceedings of Seventh International Congress on Information and Communication Technology (pp. 275-284). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1607-6_24
Garritty, C., Gartlehner, G., Nussbaumer-Streit, B., King, V. J., Hamel, C., Kamel, C., Affengruber, L., & Stevens, A. (2021). Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group offers evidence-informed guidance to conduct rapid reviews. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 130, 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.10.007
Giannoulas, A., Stampoltzis, A., Kounenou, K., & Kalamatianos, A. (2021). How Greek Students Experienced Online Education during Covid-19 Pandemic in Order to Adjust to a Post-Lockdown Period. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.19.4.2347
Gul, R., Tahir, T., & Ishfaq, U. (2023). Perspectives of the Teachers on Challenges and Possibilities to Online System of Education amid COVID-19 Outbreak in Balochistan, Pakistan. Sage Open, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231155063
Hodges, C. B., Moore, S., Lockee, B. B., Trust, T., & Bond, M. A. (2020). The Difference between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning. En Handbook of Research in Online Learning (pp. 511-522). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004702813_021
Hosen, M. B. (2022). Impact of Telecommunication Service Quality in Bangladesh on Online Education during Covid-19. International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 14(6), 65. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2022.06.06
Jacomuzzi, A. C., & Milani Marin, L. E. (2024). Body in the forefront, again? Distance learning drawbacks and implications for policy. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1247670
Jaramillo, M. A. (2020). El derecho humano al acceso a Internet: Lineamientos de política pública con enfoque de derechos humanos para su garantía efectiva en Ecuador [Tesis de maestría, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar]. Repositorio institucional: http://repositorio.uasb.edu.ec/handle/10644/7563
Korzh, O. (18 al 21 de mayo de 2023). E-Learning Technologies in Continuing Medical Education of Family Doctors in Ukraine: Challenges and Opportunities. International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES). Cappadocia, Turkey. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED654298
Kurbakova, S. N., Volkova, Z. N., & Kurbakov, A. V. (10 al 13 de 2021). Developing Students’ Cognitive Abilities in E-Learning Environment. Proceedings of the 2021 12th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management, and E-Learning. Tokyo, Japan. https://doi.org/10.1145/3450148.3450180
Lisetska, I. (2020). Distant form of learning medical students as a challenge of today. Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine, 7(111), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.15574/SP.2020.111.81
Mahajan, N., Chauhan, A., Kumar, H., & Kaushal, S. (2023). Telecommunication Interventions and Opportunities in Education, Health, and Agriculture: Post COVID- 19 Scenario. En Learning from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications on Education, Environment and Lifestyle (pp. 77-86). Taylor and Francis. https://n9.cl/om0df
Matta, V. S. C. G. da, & Felisberto, J. L. da M. (2022). Revisión sistemática sobre los desafíos de la educación superior en línea durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Ciencia UNEMI, 15(38). https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol15iss38.22pp14-23p
Morocho, C. A. V. (2021). La educación virtual en el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes universitarios. Desde el Sur, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.21142/DES-1302-2021-0018
Nowell, L., Dhingra, S., Carless-Kane, S., McGuinness, C., Paolucci, A., Jacobsen, M., Lorenzetti, D. L., Lorenzetti, L., & Oddone, E. (2022). A systematic review of online education initiatives to develop students remote caring skills and practices. Medical Education Online, 27(1), 2088049. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2022.2088049
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pathiranage, A., & Karunaratne, T. (2023). Teachers’ Agency in Technology for Education in Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Periods: A Systematic Literature Review. Education Sciences, 13(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13090917
Paul, D., Gaikwad, M., & Das, R. (2022). A cross sectional study on the online teaching strategies of gross anatomy and histology during the COVID-19 pandemic periods. European Journal of Anatomy, 26(6), 731-742. https://doi.org/10.52083/YRTB9630
Pérez, V. H., & Ipaz, E. F. (2024). Desafíos de la enseñanza en línea durante la pandemia desencadenada por Covid-19 en la Educación Básica. Revisión bibliográfica. Ciencia Latina, 8(3), 7611-7626. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v8i3.11957
Petrila, L., Goudenhooft, G., Gyarmati, B. F., Popescu, F. A., Simuț, C., & Brihan, A. C. (2022). Effective Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Distance Learning and Sustainable Communication in Romania. Sustainability, 14(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127269
Pranckutė, R. (2021). Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: the titans of bibliographic information in today’s academic world. Publications, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9010012
Radianti, J., Majchrzak, T. A., Fromm, J., & Wohlgenannt, I. (2020). A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda. Computers & Education, 147, 103778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103778
Ramos-Mendoza, J. C., Tasayco-Jala, A. A., Pachas-Barrientos, L. M., & Valdez-Arango, A. (2023). Enseñanza remota como viabilizador de la educación superior pública en tiempos de pandemia. Horizontes. Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación, 7(30). https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v7i30.630
Rathnayake, T. S., & Matharaarachchi, D. S. (2020). Case study of the social and information technological difficulties of the learners during the COVID-19 period. ACRS 2020. ACRS 2020 - 41st Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Deqing City.
Reznikova, A., Kudinova, T., Patuykova, R., Olomskaya, N., & Dyshekova, O. (2020). The “pandemic” period of the education system crisis: Peculiarities of the modern telecommunication systems and messenger’s implementation as the alternative didactic platforms for the linguistic disciplines teaching. E3S Web of Conferences, 210, 18037. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021018037
Sailer, M., Murböck, J., & Fischer, F. (2021). Digital learning in schools: What does it take beyond digital technology? Teaching and Teacher Education, 103, 103346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103346
Shah, S., Diwan, S., Kohan, L., Rosenblum, D., Gharibo, C., Soin, A., Sulindro, A., Nguyen, Q., & Provenzano, D. A. (2020). The Technological Impact of COVID-19 on the Future of Education and Health Care Delivery. Pain Physician, 23(4), 367-380. https://n9.cl/gfa9u
Simuț, C. C., Petrila, L., Popescu, F. A., & Oprea, I. M. (2021). Challenges and opportunities for telecommuting in the school system: building a sustainable online education in the context of the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic. Sustainability, 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810296
Sing, W. (2023). Digitalization challenges in education during COVID-19: A systematic review. Cogent Education, 10(1), 2198981. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2198981
Strelchuk, E. N. (2021). Prospects of Russian as a Foreign Language Online Learning in Russian Universities. Russian Language Studies, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2021-19-1-102-115
Trust, T., & Whalen, J. (2020). Should Teachers be Trained in Emergency Remote Teaching? Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 189-199. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/215995/
Twinamasiko, N., Nuwagaba, J., Maria Gwokyalya, A., Nakityo, I., Wasswa, E., & Sserunjogi, E. (2021). Drivers Affecting the Acceptance and Use of Electronic Learning Among Ugandan University Students in the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Three Universities. Sage Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211029922
Van Deursen, A. J., & van Dijk, J. A. (2019). The first-level digital divide shifts from inequalities in physical access to inequalities in material access. New Media & Society, 21(2), 354-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818797082
Wang, X., Chen, W., Qiu, H., Eldurssi, A., Xie, F., & Shen, J. (4 al 7 de noviembre de 2020). A Survey on the E-learning platforms used during COVID-19. 2020 11th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). Vancouver, BC, Canada. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMCON51383.2020.9284840
Zheng, Y., Wang, J., Doll, W., Deng, X., & Williams, M. (2018). The impact of organisational support, technical support, and self-efficacy on faculty perceived benefits of using learning management system. Behaviour & Information Technology, 37(4), 311-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1436590
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Sofía Carolina Trujillo Valle, Hernán Ramiro Pailiacho Yucta, Jorge Gabriel Sampedro Ocaña, Sandra Marcela Quisiguiña Guevara
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
